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Antonin Gregory Scalia (; born March 11, 1936) is an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States. As the longest-serving justice currently on the Court, Scalia is the Senior Associate Justice. Appointed to the Court by President Ronald Reagan in 1986, Scalia has been described as the intellectual anchor for the originalist and textualist position in the Court's conservative wing.〔Jeffrey Toobin, ''The Oath'', Doubleday Press, pp. 111–12, ISBN 978-0-385-52720-0.〕 Scalia was born in Trenton, New Jersey, and attended public grade school and Catholic high school in New York City, where his family had moved. He attended Georgetown University as an undergraduate and obtained his LL.B degree from Harvard Law School. After spending six years in a Cleveland law firm, he became a law school professor at the University of Virginia. In the early 1970s, he served in the Nixon and Ford administrations, first at minor administrative agencies, and then as an assistant attorney general. He spent most of the Carter years teaching at the University of Chicago, where he became one of the first faculty advisers of the fledgling Federalist Society. In 1982, he was appointed as a judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit by President Ronald Reagan. In 1986, Scalia was appointed by Reagan to the Supreme Court to fill the associate justice seat vacated when Justice William Rehnquist was elevated to Chief Justice. Whereas Rehnquist's confirmation was contentious, Scalia was asked few difficult questions by the Senate Judiciary Committee, and faced no opposition. Scalia was unanimously confirmed by the Senate, becoming the first Italian-American justice. Scalia has served on the Court for nearly thirty years, during which time he has established a solidly conservative voting record and ideology, advocating textualism in statutory interpretation and originalism in constitutional interpretation. He is a strong defender of the powers of the executive branch, believing presidential power should be paramount in many areas. He opposes affirmative action and other policies that treat minorities as groups. He files separate opinions in large numbers of cases, and, in his minority opinions, often castigates the Court's majority in scathing language. ==Early life and education== An only child, Scalia was born in Trenton, New Jersey, on March 11, 1936. His father, Salvatore Eugene Scalia, was an Italian immigrant from Sicily, who later became a professor of Romance languages at Brooklyn College. Eugene was a graduate student and clerk at the time of his son's birth. Antonin's mother, Catherine Panaro Scalia, was born in Trenton, to Italian immigrant parents, and worked as an elementary school teacher.〔 When Antonin was six years old, the Scalia family moved to Elmhurst, Queens, in New York City. After completing eighth grade in public school, he obtained a scholarship to Jesuit Xavier High School in Manhattan, where he graduated first in his class. He later stated that he spent much of his time on schoolwork, and admitted, "I was never cool."〔 Classmate and future New York State official William Stern remembered Scalia in his high school days:
In 1953, Scalia enrolled at Georgetown University, where he graduated valedictorian and ''summa cum laude'' with a Bachelor of Arts in history in 1957. While in college, he was a champion collegiate debater in Georgetown's Philodemic Society and a critically praised thespian.〔Bruce Allen Murphy, "Scalia: A Court of One", Simon and Schuster (2014), pp. 22–27, ISBN 978-0-7432-9649-6.〕 He took his junior year abroad at the University of Fribourg, Switzerland〔 and studied law at Harvard Law School, where he was a Notes Editor for the ''Harvard Law Review''. He graduated ''magna cum laude'' from Harvard Law in 1960, becoming a Sheldon Fellow of Harvard University: The fellowship allowed him to travel throughout Europe during 1960–1961. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Antonin Scalia」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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